Arctic Marine Fauna : A Tunnel That Connects The Short Stretch of Arctic Ocean Between Russia and The United States

In June, Bustler published the winning entries of the Bering Strait Project competition that seeks to connect the short stretch of Arctic Ocean between Russia and the United States via a bridge or a tunnel.

Here is the proposal by Paris-based OFF Architecture (Team comprised of Manal Rachdi, Tanguy Vermet, Mathieu Michel, Takanao Todo, and Lily Nourmansouri) that won the 2nd Prize in the Professional Category:

Site Plan

The project does not simply concern itself with the construction of a commercial or railway link, nor a bridge connecting one continent to another. The amplitude, siting, geopolitical context as well as the global ecological conscience entails a proposal far more audacious, an active project sensitive to the conditions of the site.Site Plan

A threshold between the arctic and pacific oceans, the Strait manifests a highly fragile and sensitive climate, linked to the fabrication of ice, acting as a strategic zone for global climate. An incredibly particular ecosystem connected to the surrounding climate is composed of very rare and fragile species which includes belugas, walrus, polar bears, blue whales, dolphins, and orcas, to name a few.

Due to the Straits relatively shallow water levels; the proposed structure is able to descend to the bottom of the ocean, with only a few meters floating above the water level

Facade

The structure works in compression. Two parallel walls cut through the adjacent bodies of water, held apart with bracing, which at times is habitable. Each wall, 10 meters wide, respectfully provides train and vehicle infrastructures at its apex. The massive structure requires simplicity, a trait only achieved with a direct line that connects the two sides of the Strait.Section Zooms

The interstitial space created by this vast separation, spanning 50 meters, becomes an interface for human passage and exchange, providing visitors and inhabitants the opportunity to traverse the Strait by foot, as was originally intended by primary civilizations. Constant views of the marine landscape travelling across the perforating tubes pierce the linear horizon of the space, constructing a new ground floor plane, submerged 50 meters below water level.Structure Axonometric

The project creates a milieu dependant on green energy, taking advantage of the site and it’s inherent currents, to install a completely ecological, renewable system.
The delicate ecosystem embodied in the site is enriched through the implication of perforations in the main structure, across which local fauna can permeate, providing adjacent laboratories direct access for research, as well as inviting the public to explore and witness this unique habitation. A protected space is thus created for these ecologies to flourish. This filter allows things to occur naturally in terms of energy, fishing and observation, but under controlled circumstances.

Diagrams

Furthermore, the separation of the Arctic from the Pacific can only improve temperature isolation, gradually decreasing water temperatures in the Arctic as there is much less exchange between the two bodies of water. The Arctic ice sheet will stabilize itself, protecting the cap from melting. Salinity levels are also stabilized seeing as there is a decrease inflow of the salty Pacific waters, further decreasing ice melt, hence reducing global climate change.View from Tube

The structure takes advantage of the existing currents in the channel. Certain perforations in the structure act as marine current turbines, accelerating water movement and currents. Because the water level in the Strait is relatively shallow, flows tend to be faster, generating more energy.

Residence

Because of their large scale, the turbines move in such a slow manner, that fauna is still able to pass through, diminishing any repercussions on marine life. The energy produced from this action is channelled into programmatic zones of the schemes, such as the residences and the laboratories. Furthermore, the structure’s walls rise 2 meters above the level of the sea, utilizing the energy produced from storm fetch, waves that crash and break on the boundary walls.

Interior Shot

The Peace Park’s form is as symbolic to the past as it is to the future. The notion of time and temporality becomes central; its unstable and transient nature is mirrored in the ice that engulfs the site. Fragile floating pieces of ice, known as pancake ice, maintain a strong presence. They are constantly in collision with each other, until they transform into circular form, and later solidify to create a continuous field of ice. This phenomenon is the basis for the minimal footbridge connecting the little and big Diomedes.

Short Section through Island

Extending the 50 meter wide opening created by the structure, a series of 10 meter by 10 meter modular cubes, faced with a polished reflective metal, delicately float above the waters surface. The subtle undulation of the modules solidifies once the ice freezes into a unified plane, displaying the instability, political and climactic, that exists in the zone. Individual modules characterize themselves with the engraving of celebrated peoples who have sacrificed themselves for the unification of these continents. Each module, acting as a floating buoy, is equipped to harness energy from the ocean’s undulating waves, channelling it back into the zones of habitation within the scheme.

Long Section through Island

Acting as a viewing platform, the entirety of the sublime landscape can be witnessed, experienced and respected. A powerful place where time dissolves, past and future amalgamate and only the existing landscape reigns.

View through Island Cut

The structure splits the Diomedes in two. A hermetic city, built into the 400 meter high island, pierces the façade of the cut, comprised of residences, theatres and cultural centres. A fractal view of a submerged city can be seen as pedestrians travel across the Strait, giving birth to a vertical city. A new mode of living is established. Due to the innate thermal mass of the subterranean rock, the diverse program is attributed natural heating and cooling qualities. The surface of the Diomede is uncovered with the rift of habitation below.

Peace Park

The Arctic Marine Fauna is not just a commercial construction like a railway link or a bridge bonding one continent to another, this proposal entails more audacious, active and sensitive issues considering the amplitude, geopolitical context and the global ecological conscience.

Because of the relatively shallow water levels of the Straits, the proposed structure can descend to the base of the ocean with just a few meters floating over the water level. Compression is the main working principal of this structure that features two parallel walls cut through the adjoining water bodies, held apart with bracing, which is habitable at times. Each wall is 10 meters wide and respectfully provides vehicle and train infrastructures at its apex. The trait is used only to give simplicity to this massive structure that features a direct line to connect the two sides.